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英语语法同位语从句知识点

时间:2020-03-26 21:01 面试英语

  下面是CN人才网小编搜集分享的英语语法同位语从句知识点,欢迎浏览。

  一、同位语从句指的是在复合句中充当同位语的从句,属于名词性从句的范畴,同位语从句用来对其前面的抽象名词进行解释说明,被解释说明的词和同位语在逻辑上是主表关系。同位语从句的先行词通常为answer, hope, fact, truth, belief, news, idea, promise, information, conclusion, order, suggestion, problem, question, thought, report, belief, decision, doubt, opinion, theory等抽象名词。例如:

  1. The news that his heath is failing made us sad.

  他健康状况不佳的消息使我们很难过。

  2. I have no idea where they are spending their holidays.

  我不知道他们在哪里度假。

  3. The question who should do the work requires consideration.

  谁该干这项工作的问题需要考虑。

  4. There is no doubt that he will come here again.

  他会再来这里, 这是毫无疑问的。

  5. He was tortured by the doubt whether he would accept their presents.

  他被是否接受他们的礼物这个疑虑所折磨着。

  二、掌握同位语从句的用法要注意以下两个问题:

  1. 同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面, 而是被别的词隔开, 以使得整个句子的结构显得平衡。例如:

  He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. 他从玛丽那里获知了运动会被推迟的消息。// Word came that Hussein had been captured. 侯赛因已被捕的消息传来。

  2. 同位语从句和定语从句结构相似,但是,同位语从句相当于名词的作用,而定于从句相当于形容词的作用,同位语从句对名词性成分加以补充说明,是该名词性成分具体内容的体现。定语从句对先行词加以限制或修饰、说明先行词的性质或特征。定语从句的引导词均在该定语从句中充当特定的句子成分(that在其引导的限定性定语从句中充当主语、宾语或者表语,充当定语从句中宾语的that经常可被省略)。例如:

  1) We can’t solve the problem how we can travel faster than light.

  我们解决不了如何才能超过光的速度这个问题。

  (how引导的从句表示其前面的名词the problem的具体内容, 属于同位语从句)

  2)I can’t remember the problem that they have.

  我记不得他们的问题了。(引导词that就是that引导的从句中have的宾语, the problem的具体内容也没有得到说明, 故本句中that引导的从句是修饰problem的定语从句)

  3)I won’t believe the fact that he lied to his mother.

  我不愿相信他对母亲撒谎的事实。(that引导同位语从句对fact的具体内容进行说明, that在其中不充当具体的句子成分)

  4)I won’t believe the fact (that) he told me.

  我不愿相信他告诉我的事实。(that引导定语从句对fact进行限定, that在该从句中充当宾语)

  5) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.

  他告诉我的消息是汤姆来年将出国。(句中的第一个that引导定语从句限定先行词news, 第二个that引导表语从句)

  6)We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪儿去度暑假,这个问题我们还没有决定。

  7)We have no idea at all where he has gone.

  我们根本不知道他去哪里了。(where引导同位语从句说明idea的具体内容)

  8)But now the question comes to their minds,“Did she die young because she was a clone?”

  但是现在他们不得不思考这样的问题:“多莉早死是因为它是一只克隆羊吗?”