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英语语法不完全不及物动词

  下面是小编分享的英语语法不完全不及物动词,一起来看看吧。

  不完全不及物动词的种类及主语补语用法

  不完全不及物动词(i.vi.)的种类及其补语的用法:将不完全不及物动词分成六大类,从1-6逐一说明。

  1.be动词

  be动词之后可用名词(含名词对等语如名词从句,名词短语,动名词,不定式等)或形容词(含做形容词的现在分词、过去分词、介词短语、地点副词或地点词短语等)做补语

  注意

  用名词做补语时,be动词译成“是”;用形容词做补语时,be动词不必译出;用地点副词或地点副词短语做补语时,be动词译成“在”。be动词之后有11种补语:

  (1)名词

  例:he is a great hero.

  (他是大英雄。)

  (2)名词从句

  例:the trouble with me is that i lack money.

  (我的麻烦是缺钱。)

  the problem is whether he can join us.

  (问题在于他是否能加入我们。)

  (3)名词短语

  例:the question is when to set off.

  (何时出发是问题所在。)

  (4)做名词用的动名词短语

  例:my hobby is collecting stamps.

  (我的兴趣是集邮。)

  (5)做名词用的不定式短语

  例:my purpose is to see him.

  (我是来看看他的。)

  (6)形容词

  例:she is beautiful.

  (她很美。)

  (7)做形容词用的现在分词

  例:the question is interesting.

  (这问题真有趣。)

  (8)做形容词用的过去分词

  例:i am interested in the question.

  (我对这问题感兴趣。)

  (9)做形容词用的介词短语(由“of+抽象名词”构成)

  例:the book is valuable/of much value.

  (这本书很有价值。)

  the machine is useless/of no use.

  (那机器毫无用处。)

  (10)地点副词

  例:she is there.

  (她在那儿)

  they are upstairs.

  (他们在楼上。)

  is he home now?

  (他现在在家吗?)

  (11)地点副词短语(由“介词+地方名词”构成)

  例:she is in town.

  (她人在城里。)

  they are at home now.

  (他们现在在家。)

  she is in danger.

  (她有危险。)

  注意

  he is washing the car.

  his job is washing cars.

  be动词之后,出现v-ing时,该v-ing有时是现在分词,有时却是动名词,一般语法书总是交代不清,弄得同学头昏眼花。常有些同学就因此而放弃学语法,以至英语愈来愈退步。在这儿,告诉你两个简单的方法:

  方法1:v-ing可译成“正在……”时,就是现在分词。

  例:he is washing the car.

  (他正在洗车。)

  故washing为现在分词。

  his job is washing cars.

  (他的工作正在洗车。)(X)

  (他的工作就是洗车。)(O)

  故washing非现在分词,而是动名词,置于be动词之后,做主语补语。

  方法2:若同学觉得方法1有点难时,可试试这个方法:be动词之后的v-ing可与主语互换时,该v-ing就是动名词;若不能互换时就是现在分词。

  例:he is washing the car.(他在洗车)

  ----washing the car is he.(X)(洗车子就是他。)故washing为现在分词。

  his job is washing cars.

  -----washing cars is his job.(o)(洗车是他的工作。)故washing是动名词,具有名词的功能,既可做补语,亦可做主语。