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2016年英语六级基础语法知识

  英语六级考试中,语法知识点贯穿整张试卷。下面是小编整理的语法知识,希望对大家有所帮助。

  alive/live/living

  ⑴ lively 有“活泼的、快活的、生动的”等意思,可以指人或物,可作定语或标语;但它没有“活着的”意思,而其他三个都有。

  如:

  young children are usually lively.

  小孩子们通常是活泼的。

  he told a very lively story.

  他讲了一个生动的故事

  ⑵alive、live、living都有“活的、有生命的”意思,与dead意义相反。但live通常只作前置定语,且一般用于动物;alive、living不仅可作定语(alive只能置于名词后;living一般置于名词前,也可置于名词后),也可以作表语。

  如:

  this is a live(=living) fish.(=this is a fish alive.)

  这是一条活鱼。(指动物,且作定语时,三者均可用)

  who’s the greatest man alive(=living man)?

  谁是当今最伟大的人物?(指人,不能用live)

  the fish is still alive(=living)

  那条鱼还活着。(指动物作表语时不能用live)。

  ⑶living主要指在某个时候是活着的,而alive指本来有死的可能,但仍活着的。而且,作主语补足语或宾语补足语时,只能用alive;作比喻义(如“活像。。。”、“活生生的”等)解时,要用living。

  如:

  the enemy officer was caught alive.(作主语补足语,不用living)

  那位敌方军官被活捉了。

  we found the snake alive.(作宾语补足语,不用living)

  he is the living image of his father.(比喻义,不用alive)

  他活象他父亲。

  ⑷只有living前加the方可表示“活着的人”,作主语时,视作复数。

  如:

  the living are more important to us than the dead.

  活着的人对我们来说比死去的人更重要。

  besides/but/except

  (1) besides与except

  前者表示"除...以外,还有...";后者表示"从整体中除去..."

  这个大家都知道,就不举例子了.

  (2)except与except for

  a.除去的和非除去的是同类事物,用except

  eg:

  all the essays are well written except nelson’s.

  nelson的文章(除去的)和all the essays(非除去的)是同类事物,所以用except.

  b.除去的和非除去的不是同类事物,用except for,并且从语气上通常表示遗憾.

  eg:his essay is well written except for a few spelling mistakes.

  a few spelling mistakes(除去的)和his essay(非除去的)是不同类的事物.

  (3)apart from 具有多重意义:既可表示besides,也可以表示exept或exept for,还可以表示without的意思

  eg:

  apart from the cost,it will take a lot of time.(=besides)

  the orphan had no one to take care of him apart from his uncle.(=except)

  he has done good work,apart from a few slight faults.(=except for)

  there can be no knowledge apart from practice.实践出真知.(=without)

  (4)excepting =except,但一般用于句首或用于not,without,always等词之后

  eg:

  excepting his brother,they are all right.

  everyone,not excepting myself,must share the blame.

  all of us,without excepting those who know more about the subject,should study.

  all my brothers com here every day,always excepting the youngest.

  (5)but与except同义,但but多用在every,any,no等和由这些词构成的复合词如everything,anywhere,nobody等词以后及all,none之后

  eg:

  the children go to school everyday but sunday.

  they are all gone but me.

  you can get the book anywhere but here.

  there is no one but me.

  who but george would do such a thing?

  many,old和far

  1) 如果后接名词时, much more +不可数名词

  many more +可数名词复数

  2) old 有两种比较级和最高级形式: older/oldest 和elder/eldest。 elder,eldest 只用于兄弟姐妹的长幼关系。

  My elder brother is an engineer.

  Mary is the eldest of the three sisters.

  3) far 有两种比较级,farther,further. 在英语中两者都可指距离。

  在美语中,father 表示距离,further表示进一步。

  I have nothing further to say.